Involved Source Files Package binary implements simple translation between numbers and byte
sequences and encoding and decoding of varints.
Numbers are translated by reading and writing fixed-size values.
A fixed-size value is either a fixed-size arithmetic
type (bool, int8, uint8, int16, float32, complex64, ...)
or an array or struct containing only fixed-size values.
The varint functions encode and decode single integer values using
a variable-length encoding; smaller values require fewer bytes.
For a specification, see
https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/encoding.
This package favors simplicity over efficiency. Clients that require
high-performance serialization, especially for large data structures,
should look at more advanced solutions such as the [encoding/gob]
package or [google.golang.org/protobuf] for protocol buffers.native_endian_little.govarint.go
Code Examples
package main
import (
"encoding/binary"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
b := []byte{0xe8, 0x03, 0xd0, 0x07}
x1 := binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(b[0:])
x2 := binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(b[2:])
fmt.Printf("%#04x %#04x\n", x1, x2)
}
package main
import (
"encoding/binary"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
b := make([]byte, 4)
binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(b[0:], 0x03e8)
binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(b[2:], 0x07d0)
fmt.Printf("% x\n", b)
}
package main
import (
"encoding/binary"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
buf := make([]byte, binary.MaxVarintLen64)
for _, x := range []uint64{1, 2, 127, 128, 255, 256} {
n := binary.PutUvarint(buf, x)
fmt.Printf("%x\n", buf[:n])
}
}
package main
import (
"encoding/binary"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
buf := make([]byte, binary.MaxVarintLen64)
for _, x := range []int64{-65, -64, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 63, 64} {
n := binary.PutVarint(buf, x)
fmt.Printf("%x\n", buf[:n])
}
}
package main
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/binary"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
var pi float64
b := []byte{0x18, 0x2d, 0x44, 0x54, 0xfb, 0x21, 0x09, 0x40}
buf := bytes.NewReader(b)
err := binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &pi)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("binary.Read failed:", err)
}
fmt.Print(pi)
}
package main
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/binary"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
b := []byte{0x18, 0x2d, 0x44, 0x54, 0xfb, 0x21, 0x09, 0x40, 0xff, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0xbe, 0xef}
r := bytes.NewReader(b)
var data struct {
PI float64
Uate uint8
Mine [3]byte
Too uint16
}
if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &data); err != nil {
fmt.Println("binary.Read failed:", err)
}
fmt.Println(data.PI)
fmt.Println(data.Uate)
fmt.Printf("% x\n", data.Mine)
fmt.Println(data.Too)
}
package main
import (
"encoding/binary"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
inputs := [][]byte{
{0x01},
{0x02},
{0x7f},
{0x80, 0x01},
{0xff, 0x01},
{0x80, 0x02},
}
for _, b := range inputs {
x, n := binary.Uvarint(b)
if n != len(b) {
fmt.Println("Uvarint did not consume all of in")
}
fmt.Println(x)
}
}
package main
import (
"encoding/binary"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
inputs := [][]byte{
{0x81, 0x01},
{0x7f},
{0x03},
{0x01},
{0x00},
{0x02},
{0x04},
{0x7e},
{0x80, 0x01},
}
for _, b := range inputs {
x, n := binary.Varint(b)
if n != len(b) {
fmt.Println("Varint did not consume all of in")
}
fmt.Println(x)
}
}
package main
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/binary"
"fmt"
"math"
)
func main() {
buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
var pi float64 = math.Pi
err := binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, pi)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("binary.Write failed:", err)
}
fmt.Printf("% x", buf.Bytes())
}
package main
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/binary"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
var data = []any{
uint16(61374),
int8(-54),
uint8(254),
}
for _, v := range data {
err := binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, v)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("binary.Write failed:", err)
}
}
fmt.Printf("%x", buf.Bytes())
}
Package-Level Type Names (total 8, in which 2 are exported)
Package-Level Functions (total 20, in which 14 are exported)
Append appends the binary representation of data to buf.
buf may be nil, in which case a new buffer will be allocated.
See [Write] on which data are acceptable.
It returns the (possibily extended) buffer containing data or an error.
AppendUvarint appends the varint-encoded form of x,
as generated by [PutUvarint], to buf and returns the extended buffer.
AppendVarint appends the varint-encoded form of x,
as generated by [PutVarint], to buf and returns the extended buffer.
Decode decodes binary data from buf into data according to
the given byte order.
It returns an error if buf is too small, otherwise the number of
bytes consumed from buf.
Encode encodes the binary representation of data into buf according to
the given byte order.
It returns an error if buf is too small, otherwise the number of
bytes written into buf.
PutUvarint encodes a uint64 into buf and returns the number of bytes written.
If the buffer is too small, PutUvarint will panic.
PutVarint encodes an int64 into buf and returns the number of bytes written.
If the buffer is too small, PutVarint will panic.
Read reads structured binary data from r into data.
Data must be a pointer to a fixed-size value or a slice
of fixed-size values.
Bytes read from r are decoded using the specified byte order
and written to successive fields of the data.
When decoding boolean values, a zero byte is decoded as false, and
any other non-zero byte is decoded as true.
When reading into structs, the field data for fields with
blank (_) field names is skipped; i.e., blank field names
may be used for padding.
When reading into a struct, all non-blank fields must be exported
or Read may panic.
The error is [io.EOF] only if no bytes were read.
If an [io.EOF] happens after reading some but not all the bytes,
Read returns [io.ErrUnexpectedEOF].
ReadUvarint reads an encoded unsigned integer from r and returns it as a uint64.
The error is [io.EOF] only if no bytes were read.
If an [io.EOF] happens after reading some but not all the bytes,
ReadUvarint returns [io.ErrUnexpectedEOF].
ReadVarint reads an encoded signed integer from r and returns it as an int64.
The error is [io.EOF] only if no bytes were read.
If an [io.EOF] happens after reading some but not all the bytes,
ReadVarint returns [io.ErrUnexpectedEOF].
Size returns how many bytes [Write] would generate to encode the value v, which
must be a fixed-size value or a slice of fixed-size values, or a pointer to such data.
If v is neither of these, Size returns -1.
Uvarint decodes a uint64 from buf and returns that value and the
number of bytes read (> 0). If an error occurred, the value is 0
and the number of bytes n is <= 0 meaning:
- n == 0: buf too small;
- n < 0: value larger than 64 bits (overflow) and -n is the number of
bytes read.
Varint decodes an int64 from buf and returns that value and the
number of bytes read (> 0). If an error occurred, the value is 0
and the number of bytes n is <= 0 with the following meaning:
- n == 0: buf too small;
- n < 0: value larger than 64 bits (overflow)
and -n is the number of bytes read.
Write writes the binary representation of data into w.
Data must be a fixed-size value or a slice of fixed-size
values, or a pointer to such data.
Boolean values encode as one byte: 1 for true, and 0 for false.
Bytes written to w are encoded using the specified byte order
and read from successive fields of the data.
When writing structs, zero values are written for fields
with blank (_) field names.
dataSize returns the number of bytes the actual data represented by v occupies in memory.
For compound structures, it sums the sizes of the elements. Thus, for instance, for a slice
it returns the length of the slice times the element size and does not count the memory
occupied by the header. If the type of v is not acceptable, dataSize returns -1.
ensure grows buf to length len(buf) + n and returns the grown buffer
and a slice starting at the original length of buf (that is, buf2[len(buf):]).
intDataSize returns the size of the data required to represent the data when encoded,
and optionally a byte slice containing the encoded data if no conversion is necessary.
It returns zero, nil if the type cannot be implemented by the fast path in Read or Write.
sizeof returns the size >= 0 of variables for the given type or -1 if the type is not acceptable.
Package-Level Variables (total 6, in which 3 are exported)
BigEndian is the big-endian implementation of [ByteOrder] and [AppendByteOrder].
LittleEndian is the little-endian implementation of [ByteOrder] and [AppendByteOrder].
NativeEndian is the native-endian implementation of [ByteOrder] and [AppendByteOrder].
Package-Level Constants (total 3, all are exported)
MaxVarintLenN is the maximum length of a varint-encoded N-bit integer.
MaxVarintLenN is the maximum length of a varint-encoded N-bit integer.
MaxVarintLenN is the maximum length of a varint-encoded N-bit integer.
The pages are generated with Goldsv0.7.6. (GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64)
Golds is a Go 101 project developed by Tapir Liu.
PR and bug reports are welcome and can be submitted to the issue list.
Please follow @zigo_101 (reachable from the left QR code) to get the latest news of Golds.
